The theory of multiple intelligences was discovered and developed by Howard Gardner, a developmental psychologist and education professor from the Graduate School of Education, Harvard University, United States. During 1983 - 2003 Gardner was also the director of Project Zero at Harvard University, writing extensively and developing the theory of multiple intelligences, especially their application in education. Project Zero is a research and education center that develops ways of learning, thinking and creativity for individuals. The theory of multiple intelligences is based heavily on Project Zero.
Gardner (2003) defines intelligence as the ability to solve problems and produce products in a variety of settings and in real situations. Intelligence includes the ability to solve real problems in various situations. This ability has an impact, namely being able to solve problems experienced in real life.
Hamzah and Uno (2009: 2) state that the learning strategy implemented so far is still "mass" in nature which provides equal treatment and educational services to all students. Even though every student has different intelligence tendencies, learning styles, creativity, interests and talents. Education service strategies like this are indeed for equal opportunity but cannot optimize the potential development of students. Prasetyo and Andriani (2009:28) explain that diagnosing multiple intelligences is useful for overcoming problems related to, among other things, school assignments, overcoming personal learning problems, relationships with friends or teachers. Therefore, learning pays attention to "how to teach students", not to "what students learn". The meaning of this statement is that good teaching is teaching that facilitates and provides opportunities for students to develop the left brain and right brain in a balanced way. The students not only know about something but can also ask about something, convey about something and can demonstrate something. Thus, learning places students as subjects not as objects. In order for optimal learning, the teacher must know and understand the characteristics of the intelligences of his students. (0)
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